International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering
ISSN Approved Journal | Impact factor: 8.771 | ESTD: 2013 | Follows UGC CARE Journal Norms and Guidelines
| Monthly, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed, Scholarly, Multidisciplinary and Open Access Journal | High Impact Factor 8.771 (Calculated by Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool | Indexing in all Major Database & Metadata, Citation Generator | Digital Object Identifier (DOI) |
| TITLE | AI-IoT Based Automated Vaccination and Vaccine Management System for Livestock Disease Prevention |
|---|---|
| ABSTRACT | Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) is a highly contagious viral disease affecting cloven-hoofed animals and is associated with substantial economic losses in livestock production. The Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) exhibits considerable antigenic variability, which creates challenges for the development and implementation of effective vaccination strategies. Conventional vaccination practices may also face practical challenges related to vaccination scheduling, animal identification, vaccine storage, record management, and monitoring of vaccination coverage. Recent advances in subunit vaccine platforms, particularly Virus-Like Particles (VLPs), provide promising approaches for safer vaccine development because VLPs can mimic the structural characteristics of viruses without containing infectious genetic material. This paper proposes a conceptual AI-IoT based Automated Vaccination and Vaccine Management System for Livestock, with FMD vaccination as the primary application. The proposed system integrates animal identification, vaccination scheduling, vaccine inventory and batch tracking, cold-chain monitoring, controlled dose administration, digital record management, and post-vaccination monitoring. RFID-based animal identification can be integrated with an IoT-enabled controller to verify an animal's vaccination status before administration. Temperature sensors can continuously monitor vaccine storage conditions, while a cloud-based database can maintain vaccination histories and generate alerts for upcoming, missed, or overdue vaccinations. The proposed framework is intended as a technological support system for livestock vaccination programmes rather than as a replacement for veterinary decision-making or vaccine development. The system provides a foundation for future development of automated, traceable, and data-driven livestock disease prevention infrastructure. |
| AUTHOR | AMIT ATRI, BARKHA YADAV, MUSKAN RAJBHANDARI, KANCHAN BHARDWAJ Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad, Haryana, India Department of Biotechnology, Manav Rachna International Institute of Research and Studies, Faridabad, Haryana, India |
| VOLUME | 189 |
| DOI | DOI: 10.15680/IJIRCCE.2026.1410010 |
| pdf/10_AI-IoT Based Automated Vaccination and Vaccine Management System for Livestock Disease Prevention.pdf | |
| KEYWORDS | |
| References |
1. Cao, Y., Lu, Z. and Liu, Z. (2016) ‘Foot-and-mouth disease vaccines: progress and problems’, Expert Review of Vaccines, 15(6), pp. 783–789. doi: 10.1586/14760584.2016.1140042. 2. de Los Santos, T., Diaz-San Segundo, F. and Rodriguez, L.L. (2018) ‘The need for improved vaccines against foot-and-mouth disease’, Current Opinion in Virology, 29, pp. 16–25. doi: 10.1016/j.coviro.2018.02.005. 3. Diaz-San Segundo, F., Medina, G.N., Stenfeldt, C., Arzt, J. and de los Santos, T. (2017) ‘Foot-and-mouth disease vaccines’, Veterinary Microbiology, 206, pp. 102–112. doi: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2016.12.018. 4. Elrashedy, A., Mousa, W., Nayel, M., Salama, A., Zaghawa, A., Elsify, A. and Hasan, M.E. (2025) ‘Systematic review and meta-analysis of the effectiveness of polypeptide, virus-like particles, and viral vector vaccines for foot-and-mouth disease (2020–2025)’, Scientific Reports, 15, 39370. doi: 10.1038/s41598-025-24078-5. 5. Fang, Y., Liu, Y., Gu, J., Feng, W. and Zhang, T. (2026) ‘Design and laboratory validation of an automatic vaccination robot for sheep’, AgriEngineering, 8(8), 313. doi: 10.3390/agriengineering8080313. 6. Grubman, M.J. and Baxt, B. (2004) ‘Foot-and-mouth disease’, Clinical Microbiology Reviews, 17(2), pp. 465–493. doi: 10.1128/CMR.17.2.465-493.2004. 7. Gubbi, J., Buyya, R., Marusic, S. and Palaniswami, M. (2013) ‘Internet of Things (IoT): a vision, architectural elements, and future directions’, Future Generation Computer Systems, 29(7), pp. 1645–1660. doi: 10.1016/j.future.2013.01.010. 8. Jiang, S., Jia, S. and Guo, H. (2024) ‘Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled framework for a sustainable vaccine cold chain management system’, Heliyon, 10(7), e28910. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28910. 9. Modak, M., Pritom, M.M., Banik, S.C. and Rabbi, M.S. (2025) ‘Internet of Things-Based Health Surveillance Systems for Livestock: A Review of Recent Advances and Challenges’, IET Wireless Sensor Systems, 15(1), e70013. doi: 10.1049/wss2.70013. 10. Mohana Subramanian, B., Madhanmohan, M., Sriraman, R., Chandrasekhar Reddy, R.V., Yuvaraj, S., Manikumar, K., Rajalakshmi, S., Nagendrakumar, S.B., Rana, S.K. and Srinivasan, V.A. (2012) ‘Development of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) serotype O virus-like-particles (VLPs) vaccine and evaluation of its potency’, Antiviral Research, 96(3), pp. 288–295. doi: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2012.09.019. 11. Parida, S. (2009) ‘Vaccination against foot-and-mouth disease virus: strategies and effectiveness’, Expert Review of Vaccines, 8(3), pp. 347–365. doi: 10.1586/14760584.8.3.347. 12. Porta, C., Xu, X., Loureiro, S., Paramasivam, S., Ren, J., Al-Khalil, T., Burman, A., Jackson, T., Belsham, G.J., Curry, S., Lomonossoff, G.P., Parida, S., Paton, D., Li, Y., Wilsden, G., Ferris, N., Owens, R., Kotecha, A., Fry, E., Stuart, D.I., Charleston, B. and Jones, I.M. (2013) ‘Efficient production of foot-and-mouth disease virus empty capsids in insect cells following down regulation of 3C protease activity’, Journal of Virological Methods, 187(2), pp. 406–412. doi: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2012.11.011. 13. Roy, P. and Noad, R. (2008) ‘Virus-like particles as a vaccine delivery system: myths and facts’, Human Vaccines, 4(1), pp. 5–12. doi: 10.4161/hv.4.1.5559. 14. Singh, R.K., Sharma, G.K., Mahajan, S., Dhama, K., Basagoudanavar, S.H., Hosamani, M., Sreenivasa, B.P., Chaicumpa, W., Gupta, V.K. and Sanyal, A. (2019) ‘Foot-and-mouth disease virus: immunobiology, advances in vaccines and vaccination strategies addressing vaccine failures—an Indian perspective’, Vaccines, 7(3), 90. doi: 10.3390/vaccines7030090. 15. Xiao, Y., Chen, H.-Y., Wang, Y., Yin, B., Lv, C., Mo, X., Yan, H., Xuan, Y., Huang, Y., Pang, W., Li, X., Yuan, Y.A. and Tian, K. (2016) ‘Large-scale production of foot-and-mouth disease virus (serotype Asia1) VLP vaccine in Escherichia coli and protection potency evaluation in cattle’, BMC Biotechnology, 16, 56. doi: 10.1186/s12896-016-0285-6. |
