International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer and Communication Engineering
ISSN Approved Journal | Impact factor: 8.771 | ESTD: 2013 | Follows UGC CARE Journal Norms and Guidelines
| Monthly, Peer-Reviewed, Refereed, Scholarly, Multidisciplinary and Open Access Journal | High Impact Factor 8.771 (Calculated by Google Scholar and Semantic Scholar | AI-Powered Research Tool | Indexing in all Major Database & Metadata, Citation Generator | Digital Object Identifier (DOI) |
| TITLE | Traffic Flow Prediction |
|---|---|
| ABSTRACT | Traffic flow prediction plays a critical role in intelligent transportation systems by enabling efficient traffic management, reducing congestion, and improving road safety. This paper presents a machine learning-based framework for traffic flow prediction using Python and interactive visualization through Power BI. Historical traffic datasets are preprocessed using Python libraries, including Pandas and NumPy, followed by feature engineering and data normalization to improve prediction performance. Multiple machine learning algorithms are evaluated, and the most accurate model is selected based on performance metrics such as Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and the coefficient of determination (R²). The predicted traffic flow is integrated with Power BI to develop interactive dashboards that visualize traffic density, peak-hour patterns, daily and monthly trends, and route-specific insights. |
| AUTHOR | DR. T.V.S SRIRAM, S. JAYAPRADHA, D. BALAJI Sr. Asst. Professor, Dept. of MCA, NSRIT, Visakhapatnam, AP, India Asst. Professor, Dept. of MCA, NSRIT, Visakhapatnam, AP, India Dept. of MCA, NSRIT, Visakhapatnam, AP, India |
| VOLUME | 185 |
| DOI | DOI: 10.15680/IJIRCCE.2026.14060102 |
| pdf/102_Traffic Flow Prediction.pdf | |
| KEYWORDS | |
| References | [1] T. MitcY. Lv, Y. Duan, W. Kang, Z. Li, and F.-Y. Wang, "Traffic Flow Prediction With Big Data: A Deep Learning Approach," IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 865–873, Apr. 2015, doi: 10.1109/TITS.2014.2345663. [2] Y. Tian and L. Pan, "Predicting Short-Term Traffic Flow by Long Short-Term Memory Recurrent Neural Network," in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Smart City/SocialCom/SustainCom (SmartCity), Chengdu, China, Dec. 2015, pp. 153–158, doi: 10.1109/SmartCity.2015.63. [3] A. Abadi, T. Rajabioun, and P. A. Ioannou, "Traffic Flow Prediction for Road Transportation Networks With Limited Traffic Data," IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 653–662, Apr. 2015. [4] D. Xia, H. Li, B. Wang, Y. Li, and Z. Zhang, "A MapReduce-Based Nearest Neighbor Approach for Big-Data-Driven Traffic Flow Prediction," IEEE Access, vol. 4, pp. 2920–2934, 2016. [5] N. G. Polson and V. O. Sokolov, "Deep Learning for Short-Term Traffic Flow Prediction," Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, vol. 79, pp. 1–17, Jun. 2017. [6] A. Koesdwiady, R. Soua, and F. Karray, "Improving Traffic Flow Prediction With Weather Information in Connected Cars: A Deep Learning Approach," IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, vol. 65, no. 12, pp. 9508–9517, Dec. 2016. [7] R. Soua, A. Koesdwiady, and F. Karray, "Big-Data-Generated Traffic Flow Prediction Using Deep Learning and Dempster–Shafer Theory," in Proceedings of the IEEE International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN), Vancouver, BC, Canada, 2016, pp. 3195–3202. [8] Y. Hou, P. Edara, and C. Sun, "Traffic Flow Forecasting for Urban Work Zones," IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 1761–1770, Aug. 2015. [9] F. Schimbinschi, X. V. Nguyen, J. Bailey, C. Leckie, H. Vu, and R. Kotagiri, "Traffic Forecasting in Complex Urban Networks: Leveraging Big Data and Machine Learning," in Proceedings of the IEEE International Conference on Big Data, Santa Clara, CA, USA, 2015, pp. 1019–1024. [10] K. Lee, M. Eo, E. Jung, Y. Yoon, and W. Rhee, "Short-Term Traffic Prediction With Deep Neural Networks: A Survey," IEEE Access, vol. 9, pp. 54739–54756, 2021. [11]D. A. Tedjopurnomo, Z. Bao, B. Zheng, F. M. Choudhury, and A. K. Qin, "A Survey on Modern Deep Neural Network for Traffic Prediction: Trends, Methods and Challenges," IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and Data Engineering, vol. 34, no. 4, pp. 1544–1561, Apr. 2022. [12] H. Yuan and G. Li, "A Survey of Traffic Prediction: From Spatio-Temporal Data to Intelligent Transportation," Data Science and Engineering, vol. 6, no. 1, pp. 63–85, Mar. 2021. [13] S. Fang, Q. Zhang, G. Meng, S. Xiang, and C. Pan, "GSTNet: Global Spatial-Temporal Network for Traffic Flow Prediction," in Proceedings of the 28th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI), Macao, China, 2019, pp. 2286–2293. [14] C. Chen, K. Li, S. G. Teo, X. Zou, K. Zhang, and Z. Zeng, "Citywide Traffic Flow Prediction Based on Multiple Gated Spatio-Temporal Convolutional Neural Networks," ACM Transactions on Knowledge Discovery from Data, vol. 14, no. 4, pp. 1–23, 2020. [15] K. Chen, F. Chen, B. Lai, H. Jin, T. Liu, and Y. Tang, "Dynamic Spatio-Temporal Graph-Based CNNs for Traffic Flow Prediction," IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 185136–185145, 2020. [16] J. Tang, X. Chen, Z. Zheng, M. Han, and Y. Wang, "Traffic Flow Prediction Based on Combination of Support Vector Machine and Data Denoising Schemes," Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, vol. 534, Art. no. 122144, 2019. [17] J. Tang, F. Gao, F. Liu, and X. Chen, "A Denoising Scheme-Based Traffic Flow Prediction Model Using Machine Learning," IEEE Access, vol. 8, pp. 115497–115508, 2020. [18] S. Deng, S. Jia, and J. Chen, "Exploring Spatial–Temporal Relations via Deep Convolutional Neural Networks for Traffic Flow Prediction With Incomplete Data," Applied Soft Computing, vol. 75, pp. 373–381, 2019. [19] S. Sun, H. Wu, and L. Xiang, "City-Wide Traffic Flow Forecasting Using a Deep Convolutional Neural Network," Sensors, vol. 20, no. 15, Art. no. 4210, 2020. [20] Q. Zhang, C. Yin, Y. Chen, X. Wang, and Z. Li, "Improved Graph Convolution Res-Recurrent Network for Traffic Flow Prediction," Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence, vol. 108, Art. no. 104598, 2022. [21]A. M. Nagy and V. Simon, "Survey on Traffic Prediction in Smart Cities," Pervasive and Mobile Computing, vol. 50, pp. 148–163, 2018. [22] Y. Shi and D. Y. Yeung, "Machine Learning for Spatio-Temporal Sequence Forecasting: A Survey," ACM SIGKDD Explorations Newsletter, vol. 20, no. 1, pp. 1–13, 2018. [23] J. Guo, W. Huang, and B. M. Williams, "Adaptive Kalman Filter Approach for Stochastic Short-Term Traffic Flow Rate Prediction and Uncertainty Quantification," Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, vol. 43, pp. 50–64, 2014. [24] B. L. Smith, B. M. Williams, and R. K. Oswald, "Comparison of Parametric and Nonparametric Models for Traffic Flow Forecasting," Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 303–321, 2002. [25] B. M. Williams and L. A. Hoel, "Modeling and Forecasting Vehicular Traffic Flow as a Seasonal ARIMA Process: Theoretical Basis and Empirical Results," Journal of Transportation Engineering, vol. 129, no. 6, pp. 664–672, 2003. [26] M. Van Lint, S. P. Hoogendoorn, and H. J. Van Zuylen, "Accurate Freeway Travel Time Prediction With State-Space Neural Networks Under Missing Data," Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, vol. 13, no. 5–6, pp. 347–369, 2005. [27] L. Li, Y. Lv, and F.-Y. Wang, "Traffic Signal Timing via Deep Reinforcement Learning," IEEE/CAA Journal of Automatica Sinica, vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 247–254, 2016. [28] Z. Zhao, W. Chen, X. Wu, P. C. Y. Chen, and J. Liu, "LSTM Network: A Deep Learning Approach for Short-Term Traffic Forecast," IET Intelligent Transport Systems, vol. 11, no. 2, pp. 68–75, 2017. [29] Y. LeCun, Y. Bengio, and G. Hinton, "Deep Learning," Nature, vol. 521, no. 7553, pp. 436–444, 2015. [30] I. Goodfellow, Y. Bengio, and A. Courville, Deep Learning. Cambridge, MA, USA: MIT Press, 2016. [31]T. N. Kipf and M. Welling, "Semi-Supervised Classification with Graph Convolutional Networks," in Proc. International Conference on Learning Representations (ICLR), Toulon, France, 2017. [32] A. Vaswani, N. Shazeer, N. Parmar, J. Uszkoreit, L. Jones, A. N. Gomez, Ł. Kaiser, and I. Polosukhin, "Attention Is All You Need," in Proc. Advances in Neural Information Processing Systems (NeurIPS), Long Beach, CA, USA, 2017, pp. 5998–6008. [33] S. Hochreiter and J. Schmidhuber, "Long Short-Term Memory," Neural Computation, vol. 9, no. 8, pp. 1735–1780, 1997. [34] K. Cho, B. van Merriënboer, C. Gulcehre, F. Bougares, H. Schwenk, and Y. Bengio, "Learning Phrase Representations Using RNN Encoder–Decoder for Statistical Machine Translation," in Proc. Conference on Empirical Methods in Natural Language Processing (EMNLP), Doha, Qatar, 2014, pp. 1724–1734. [35] T. Chen and C. Guestrin, "XGBoost: A Scalable Tree Boosting System," in Proc. 22nd ACM SIGKDD International Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD), San Francisco, CA, USA, 2016, pp. 785–794. [36] L. Breiman, "Random Forests," Machine Learning, vol. 45, no. 1, pp. 5–32, 2001. [37] C. Cortes and V. Vapnik, "Support-Vector Networks," Machine Learning, vol. 20, no. 3, pp. 273–297, 1995. [38] F. Pedregosa, G. Varoquaux, A. Gramfort, et al., "Scikit-learn: Machine Learning in Python," Journal of Machine Learning Research, vol. 12, pp. 2825–2830, 2011. [39] W. McKinney, "Data Structures for Statistical Computing in Python," in Proc. 9th Python in Science Conference (SciPy), Austin, TX, USA, 2010, pp. 51–56. [40] T. Hunter, "Matplotlib: A 2D Graphics Environment," Computing in Science & Engineering, vol. 9, no. 3, pp. 90–95, 2007. |